ANCIENT CHARTS

ANCIENT CHARTS

The difficult part of medieval navigation was establishing Longitude. It required measuring time with great accuracy. Time pieces that were accurate enough to provide accurate

time didn't arrive until the eighteenth century.

There wasn't anyone in this time period that could have produced such accurate charts as these. Dr. Norgenskold analyzed hundreds of these portolans in the late 1800 and in 1890

declared that all of these were copies of just one chart!

In the 1950’s Professor Charles Hapgood reviewed Dr.Nordenskold work from the 1890s and stated he would review the work if the United States Air Force Strategic Air

Command (SAC) the(8th Reconnaissance Technical Squadron) would confirm his work. Dr. Hapgood confirmed that all the copies came from one source

MAPAMUNDI

There have been found two amazing maps that lead scholars to believe that the Templar’s had accurate charts of just not the Mediterranean but also of the Americas, Africa, the Caribbean and middle America. In 1860 the Hadji Ahmed map was discovered in Lebanon. In 1929 the Piri Re’ismap was discovered in the old Imperial Palace in Constantinople.

In 1559 in Damascus a Geographer, by the name of Hadji Ahmed, drew a chart which is based more on art than science. It depicts the entire world that is typical of Arab chart work of the mid sixteenth century.

The depictions of the Mediterranean and Africa were distorted because they tried to improve the chart based on local accounts from sailor’s instead of keeping the chartin its original state

However the Americas were amazingly accurate and are quite comparable to Mercator Projections drawn years later. Since he hadn’t any local informational to corrupt the Americas with he was left to copy from the Wraparound Charts which were very accurate.

This chart shows Baja California, which had not yet been discovered, it shows the northwest coast of North America including Alaska. 

It shows the Hawaiian Islands which weren't discovered for another two hundred years. It shows the Islands of the South Pacific which had not been discovered yet which is

not to say they haven’t been settled yet.

 It clearly shows Antarctica and the Palmer Peninsula which also hadn’t been discovered yet. The far east is distorted but reasonably accurate. A very interesting aspect of this chart is in between Alaska and Asia there isn’t a Bearing Strait, the whole area is a landmass!

This chart depicts how the earth actually was ten thousandyears ago. This chart shows the Bearing Land Bridge between Asia and North America. This is how the Eskimos and several other Native American peoples arrived in North America. Thischart also confirmed the theory of scientists from the 1950’s that the Bearing Strait wasn’t a land bridge but a whole subterranean continent.

These charts are from a time when the sea level was 300 feet lower than it is today. It is from a time when the continental shelf off of southern California was above sea level. When Newfoundland and Nova Scotia were joined by a land mass. When Georges Bank and the Grand Banks were joined together and above sea level which was confirmed when a Georges Bank trawler found human remains in his nets which were carbon

dated to ten thousand years ago.

The Piri Ri’is Chart is from 1519, the year that Magellan’s expedition set out to circumnavigate the world, and returned in 1521 so any information gained from this expedition wouldn't have been available for the production of the Piri Ri’is chart.

Piri Re’is made notation on the margins of the chart which indicated that Columbus’s charts were used as reference as were charts from Alexander the Great!

Piri Re’is was a Turkish Admiral ,although he was of the Constinable Palace he was Jewish. This chart caused great debate because it showed the continents of the America’s in great detail. By 1519 the European explorers were still in the Caribbean and their knowledge of the America’s was at best limited. Professor Hapgood states in his book “Maps of the Ancient Sea Kings” and this statement is confirmed by the US Air force. That the Piri Re’is chart could only been produced by Aerial Photography….PERIOD.

ZENO CHART OF THE NORTH

When the Templar’s set sail for Nova Scotia in 1398 they apparently had a chart of very precise detail. It was assembled by Antonio Zeno the Venetian Navigator, after a voyage that Antonio and his brother Niccolo took to Iceland, Greenland, and by some accounts to Nova Scotia in 1380. They drew a chart of the North Atlantic which was lost for two centuries before being discovered by a descendant in 1550.

This chart was studied by Professor Hapgood in great detail who stated that it was copied from a highly accurate chart that was drawn with a conic projection. Antonio was not familiar with this projection because it was not invented until three hundred years after his death. He also made improvements to the chart based on his own knowledge where he could.

It detailed with precision and accurate latitude and longitude of Norway, Sweden, Denmark, the Baltic Sea and her coastline. An interesting detail on the chart is the legendary land of Thor so prominently detailed in Roman and Greek mythology. It was

thought to be in northern waters about six days sail from the Orkney Islands.

It was said to be north of the lost kingdom of Atlantis. The land of Thor was said to be covered with forests,and had several civilizations some very indigenous tribes and some more advanced civilization. When you take into account that the sea level then was 300 feet lower than today, so there were probably several sunken islands today that once supported civilizations.

Baffin Islands seems to meet many of these requirements laying in the arctic circle between Greenland and Labrador. It is covered today in a petrified forest and would have had a land bridge to Labrador a thousand years ago. Today Greenland is covered by glaciers but under, these glaciers are mountains and rivers flowing to the sea and farmlands below.

There was a time When the Mythological land of Atlantis existed before the Ice age brought glaciers to cover vast areas of Canada and Michigan and Wisconsin.

 It is where the ten thousand lakes of Minnesota come from. The Red River Valley of North Dakota is a glacier lake bed with some of the most fertile farm land in

the world. It has a river called the Red River of the North. It flows north to Canada and empty’s into Lake Winnipeg, which in turn flows north and empties into Hudson Bay.

It is interesting to note that of the thirty four rivers that flow north, in the world, only eight of them are in southerly areas, the rest are in areas where glaciers once existed.

MAGELLAN'S CHART

The Knights of Christ and the Royalty of Portugal through their

association with the Knight Templar’s, had very accurate and

detailed charts, that showed areas of discovery before the ships

set sail.

Henry the Navigator had charts of Brazil and the Amazon basin

before he set sail. The mouth of the amazon is 250 miles wide today. I hate to think how wide it was when the sea level was two hundred and fifty feet lower.

In 1519 when Magellan set sail, his navigator Pigafetta

commented on a mysterious chart in Magellan’s possession,

which was copied from the King of Portugal’s Master chart. With

this chart Magellan was able to seek a passage through a

difficult and unknown strait which had never been used before.

Columbus also had a copy of the same chart from the King of

Portugal, which clearly showed the coast of the America’s and

did not confuse the continent with that of Asia. Professor

Hapgood stated that Columbus probably didn’t know how to

interpret the conical projection of many of the Ancient Charts,

but would have recognized the Mediterranean and European

coastal area to the point where he would be able to work out

distances.

The thought is that the Royalty of Portugal and the Sinclair’s of

Scotland obtained these charts from the Templar’s after the

Templar Fleet went missing and they reorganized into the fleet of

the Knights of Christ and the Sinclair Masonic Fleet of Scotland.

COLUMBUS'S CHART ROOM

According to Charles Berlitz Columbus was a Museum of

Navigational knowledge. He was a student of the voyages that

preceded him. Analyzing every detail from sailor’s myths to the

logs of ships from various countries upon their return from

voyages.

Tales of him sailing off into the unknown are nonsense! His

Admirals chart was a very detailed and precise and was said to

have been drawn in Venice of the 1424 chart. It now resides in

the Library at the University of Minnesota.

Columbus was born and grew up in Majorca, a center of

smuggling piracy, and map making. Columbus’s brother

Bartholomew was a map maker of Majorca. Norwegian Kare

Prytz stated in reference to America’s rediscovery.

The name Vinland was written Binini or Isla Bini Which was well

known long before Columbus. On these charts were the Islands of the Bahamas, Hispaniola, Cuba, Purto Rico. The chart makers didn’t know

the Latitudes of the islands so they placed the islands west of Ireland.

Columbus gave orders to his Captains to sail 2800 miles to the

west then they would encounter some islands and a continent,

they were instructed not to sail at night because of the islands

undetermined latitude, and they would be approaching Vinland.

In the legend of the Piri Re’is chart it states that it was redrawn

from other charts including charts once used by Columbus. This

chart is in the Topkapi Museum in Istanbul, and it testifies that

the Atlantic was being Navigated long before the European Dark

Ages. Dating from 1513 the Piri Re’is chart shows the entire east

coast of both North and south America and also Antarctica.

Columbus had a book called Kitab Bahriye authored by

Admiral Piri Re’is with descriptions of these distant lands full

of minerals and riches. Columbus used this book to try and

convince Portugal and Genoese that expeditions to these lands

would be very worth while.

Columbus after several attempts finally convinced the Spanish

Royalty to fund his voyages but represented to the courts that

they would be to India

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